Some time ago, since I was able to use R by myself, have found some fellows and other people who wanted to learn R as well. Then I pointed them to help pages, to CRAN repositories… but in some cases they said that didn’t know how to start using those resources. Obviously, the main self-perceived limitation for non-programmers is the use of «commands» -ok, many of the 80’s kids will remember the use of some command lines to access games such as PacMan, Frogger… :).
At the same time, they also wanted to refresh some basic statistics, acquiring a general knowledge of their data before asking for a statistician’s help. An idea to quickly help them was to make some scripts to guide them through basic commands, seeing results on real-time, and being able to recycle them for their own data.
If you have just started using R, maybe they can be useful for you. However, I will recommend that you use some open «plain text» file(s) to paste your favorite commands and clone/modify them to suit your needs. Remember to store the files where you can access them later!
- Tip: you can change the extension of your mytext.txt file into mytext.R file, telling Windows to open it with the Notepad again. It will be also a plain text document, but some text editors will recognize it as an «R script» and will highlight the content according to that.
- Apart from the Notepad in Windows, you also have a bunch of other text/code editors which are more pleasant to use. See for example R-studio and Notepad ++.
Copy the Gists below into your own text files, and begin playing with R!
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| ########################################## | |
| ### COMMANDS TO START WITH R CONSOLE 1 ### | |
| ########################################## | |
| # Under GNU-GPL license v.3 | |
| # First, install R: http://cran.r-project.org/ | |
| # Second, install and open R-Studio: http://www.rstudio.com/ide/download/desktop | |
| # You can open this text file from inside R-studio, or with a basic text editor (like Notepad). | |
| # Just copy and paste the following commands, and press ENTER to see the results. | |
| # You can recycle these commands to make new ones suitable for your own data! | |
| # Note: the lines of text preceeded by "#" are considered comments, and they are not executed even if they are pasted. | |
| # To open a help page write ? and the name of the function. | |
| ?log | |
| ?boxplot | |
| ############################# | |
| ######### R OBJECTS ######### | |
| ############################# | |
| # R is primarily a functional language, however it has the capability of working in an object-oriented manner. | |
| # This means that is able to store data chunks (you can call them "objects") | |
| oneobject <- 2 | |
| oneobject | |
| anotherobject <- 3+6 | |
| anotherobject | |
| # It also overwrites an object if it is given another value | |
| oneobject <- 6^2 | |
| oneobject | |
| # R objects can do many useful things, saving time in long calculations | |
| x <- 45 | |
| y <- 28*0.07 | |
| mycalc <- (log(3)+x)*5*(6+y)^2 | |
| mycalc | |
| ############################# | |
| ##### CREATING DATABASES #### | |
| ############################# | |
| # Any R data matrix is composed of vector-objects, either of: numbers, text, or logical (TRUE/FALSE). Text must be inside plain "" symbols, which are different from MS Windows quotation marks “ ”. | |
| # The "oneobject" above, is a vector of lenght=1. | |
| # Note: try not to name any object as "data", it can confuse R. | |
| a <- c(1,5,6,8,7,3,4,7,9,9,3,4,2) | |
| b <- c("blue","red","blue","yellow","orange","black","green","purple","white","pink","gray","blue","black") | |
| c <- c(TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE) | |
| # You can know the type of vector by typing: class(myvector). | |
| class(a) | |
| class(b) | |
| class(c) | |
| # We can bind vectors to construct a matrix. | |
| obj <- rbind(a,b,c) # binds by row | |
| obj | |
| obj2 <- cbind(a,b,c) # binds by column | |
| obj2 | |
| class(obj2) | |
| # We can transform "obj" to a data frame in "long" format (data frames are more common than matrices). | |
| obj <- data.frame(a,b,c) | |
| class(obj) | |
| # View your database. | |
| View(obj) | |
| # Edit your database. | |
| fix(obj) | |
| # Save your database. | |
| save(obj, file="obj.Rdata") | |
| ############################## | |
| ### DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS ### | |
| ############################## | |
| # Let's use real data: | |
| # Note that: var1, var2, var3, var4, var5 and var6 are not numbers, but factors. | |
| # To change var1 to numeric, just type: | |
| var1 <- as.numeric(var1) | |
| # To return to factor, type: | |
| var1 <- as.factor(var1) | |
| var0 <- c(64,76,66,47,72,82,66,58,64,69,80,57,66,63,71,55,57,71,45,77,69,61,47,55,59,45,61,56,68,74,55,71,72,64,52,62,69,53,76,62,65,54,73,79,74,38,61,73,75,71,74,52,48,45,65,59,79,78,82,61,70,73,68,76,71,65,78,65,80,69,73,70,80,50,67,70,63,68,70,37,73,68,53,73,79,76,68,80,79,78,75,82,72,77,75,66,72,66,66,58,70,71,69,81,74,45,73,81,71,76,79,80,72,64,81,79,74,69,75,56,62,60,83,55,74,47,70,59,47,81,73,59,74,70,69,81,29,77,72,78,68,60,65,83,66,76,68,80,82,79,74,74,22,62,81,75,75,44,72,75,72,77,76,67,70,76,42,56,76,84,75,76,83,73,63,50,78,70,79,74,59,54,74,68,72,82,69,48,64,48,78,62,87,79,65,70,85,80,79,72,71,77,76,79,76,81,82,70,65,79,76,83,75,63,52,80,86,63,68,69,78,82,74,86,69,85,72,64,57,74,78,22,77,64,63,51,74,71,71,47,63,66,73,43,72,75,81,40,56,71,77,77,71,69,68,58,64,76,73,81,73,81,59,68,57,62,66,76,66,47,72,82,66,58,64,69,80,57,66,63,71,55,57,71,45,77,69,61,47,55,59,45,61,56,68,74,52,71,72,64,52,62,69,53,76,62,65,54,73,79,74,38,61,73,75,71,75,82,72,77,75,66,72,66,66,58,81,74,45,73,81,71,76,79,80,72,64,81, | |
| 79,74,69,75,56,62,60,83,55,74,47,70,59,47,81,73,59,74,70,69,81,29,77,72,78,68,60,65,83,66,76,68,80,82,79,74,74,22,62,81,75,75,44,72,75,72,77,76,67,70,76,42,56,76,84,75,76,83,73,63) | |
| var1 <- c("1","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","1","1","1","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","1","2","1","2","2","1","1","1","2","1","2","2","2","2","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","2","1","1","2","1","1","2","2","2","1","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","2","2","2","2","2","1","1","1","1","2","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","2","2","1","2","2","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","1","1","1","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","2","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","1","2","1","2","1","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","2","1","1","1","2","1", | |
| "2","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","2","1","2","2","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","2","2","1","1","2","2","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","2","2","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","1","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","1","1","2","1","2","2","1","2","2","1","2","2","2","1","2","1","2","2","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","1","1","2","2","2","1","2","2","2","2","1","2","1","1","2") | |
| var2 <- c("0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","1","1","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","0","0","1","0","1","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","1","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0", | |
| "0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0") | |
| var3 <- c("0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0", | |
| "0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0") | |
| var4 <- c("0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","1","0","1","0","1","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","1","0","1","1","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","1","0","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","1","0","1","0","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","1","0","1","1","0","1","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","0","1","1","1","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","1", | |
| "0","1","1","1","0","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","0","0","1","1","0","0","1","1","0","0","1","0","1","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","0","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","0","1","0") | |
| var5 <- c("0","1","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","1","0","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","0","0","1","1","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","1","1","0","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","0","1","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","0","0","1","0","1","1","0","1","1","0","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1", | |
| "0","1","1","1","0","1","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","0","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","0","1","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","0","1","1","0","1","1","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","0") | |
| var6 <- c("1","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","0","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","0", | |
| "1","1","1","1","0","0","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","1","0","0","0","1","1","0","0","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0","0","0","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","0","1","0","0","1","1","1","1","0","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","0") | |
| mydata <- data.frame(var0,var1,var2,var3,var4,var5,var6) # joins the vectors into a data frame | |
| mydata | |
| View(mydata) | |
| fix(mydata) | |
| # Global summary of my data. | |
| summary(mydata) | |
| # Summary of any sub-object inside the bigger object "mydata": summary(obj$my.variable.name) | |
| summary(mydata$var0) | |
| mean(mydata$var0) # mean | |
| sd(mydata$var0) # standard deviation | |
| summary(mydata$var3) | |
| # The variable names of my data (important if R has changed them after importing from other data formats) | |
| names(mydata) | |
| # To change var1 to numeric, just type: | |
| mydata$var1 <- as.numeric(mydata$var1) | |
| # To return to factor, type: | |
| mydata$var1 <- as.factor(mydata$var1) | |
| ########### PLOTS ############ | |
| # if the covariate is continuous, the histogram is adequate: | |
| hist(obj$a) | |
| hist(mydata$var0) # a very basic histogram | |
| hist(mydata$var0, breaks=30) | |
| ?hist # help page on the "hist" function | |
| # for dichotomic covariates (YES/NO covariates), we have the barplot: | |
| plot(obj$b) | |
| plot(mydata$var1) | |
| # Bivariate plots (dichotomic versus numerical): boxplots | |
| boxplot(var0 ~ var3, data = mydata, col = "lightgray") | |
| boxplot(var0 ~ var2, data = mydata, col = "blue") | |
| ############################## | |
| #### ANALYTIC STATISTICS ##### | |
| ############################## | |
| # First, know if our variables are non-parametric | |
| # SHAPIRO-WILK's test for normality | |
| shapiro.test(mydata$var0) # if the p-value is < 0.05, the variable is not normal. A p-value of 7.342e-14 equals: 7.342 * 0.00000000000001 | |
| # Plots to represent normality: q-q plots | |
| qqnorm(mydata$var0) | |
| qqline(mydata$var0) | |
| library(car) # an additional library to load before the next command | |
| qqPlot(mydata$var0) | |
| # LEVENE's test of equality of variances (homoscedasticity), comparing var0 to var1: | |
| tapply(mydata$var0, mydata$var1, var, na.rm=TRUE) | |
| leveneTest(mydata$var0, mydata$var1, center=median) # if the p-value [Pr(>F)] is < 0.05, the variable is not homoscedastic. | |
| # CHI-SQUARE | |
| # analyses two dichotomic covariates (like a bivariate bar plot) | |
| mytab <- xtabs(~var1 + var2, data=mydata) | |
| mytab | |
| mytest <- chisq.test(mytab, correct=FALSE) | |
| mytest # p-value 0.6488,there's no relationship between the incidence of infections and diabetes in our patients | |
| fisher.test(mytab) # we need to do Fisher Test instead of Chi-square if any of the cells has a count <5 | |
| # WILCOXON TEST | |
| # the equivalent of Student's t-test for non-paramentric covariates (like a bivariate histogram or boxplot) | |
| # analyses a dichotomic vs. a numeric factor | |
| tapply(mydata$var0, mydata$var3, median, na.rm=TRUE) | |
| wilcox.test(var0 ~ var3, alternative="two.sided", data=mydata) | |
| # LOGISTIC REGRESSION | |
| g1 <- glm(var2 ~ var0 + var1, family=binomial(logit), data=mydata) | |
| summary(g1) | |
| # R COMMANDER | |
| # I generally do not recommend working with the RCommander interface, as it can be pretty limiting, specially when trying to develop your own variations of a given command. | |
| # For the purpose of writing, RStudio is much easier and you can learn R much faster, focusing on what's important! | |
| # If you still want to try RCommander, just type: | |
| ## Install R Commander: | |
| # install.packages("Rcmdr") | |
| ## Execute R commander for first time in a session. | |
| # library(Rcmdr) | |
| ## To execute Rcmdr for second or more times (after being closed in a session): | |
| # Commander() |
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| ########################################## | |
| ### COMMANDS TO START WITH R CONSOLE 2 ### | |
| ########################################## | |
| # Under GNU-GPL license v.3 | |
| # First, install R: http://cran.r-project.org/ | |
| # Second, install and open R-Studio: http://www.rstudio.com/ide/download/desktop | |
| # You can open this text file from inside R-studio, or with a basic text editor (like Notepad). | |
| # Just copy and paste the following commands, and press ENTER to see the results. | |
| # You can recycle these commands to make new ones suitable for your own data! | |
| # Note: the lines of text preceeded by "#" are considered comments, and they are not executed even if they are pasted. | |
| # To open a help page write ? and the name of the function. | |
| ?log | |
| ?boxplot | |
| ############################# | |
| ### IMPORT - EXPORT DATA #### | |
| ############################# | |
| # We will use different packages (libraries) to import data. | |
| # Important: read this link: http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/R-data.html | |
| # Note: you will have to choose your working directory (e.g. a folder named "My data") | |
| # Then you need to change the working directory of R to that folder. For example: | |
| setwd("C:/Users/Me/My Documents/.../My data") | |
| ####### 1. SPSS DATA ######## | |
| # We need to have our data in the .sav format, and store it in our folder. | |
| # The following commands import data from SPSS to R format. | |
| library(foreign) | |
| mydata <- read.spss("somedata.sav", use.value.labels=T, to.data.frame=T) | |
| ?read.spss # help page about the function "read.spss" and its arguments/options | |
| save(mydata, file="mydata.RData") | |
| # You will need to review the data imported to make sure there are no inconsistencies. | |
| # Some errors can be fixed in the SPSS file before importing. | |
| names(mydata) | |
| summary(mydata) | |
| View(mydata) | |
| # fix(mydata) # opens data for direct editing, not recommended | |
| # To change var1 from numeric to factor, just type: | |
| mydata$var1 <- as.factor(mydata$var1) | |
| # To return to numeric, type: | |
| mydata$var1 <- as.numeric(mydata$var1) | |
| # Save (overwrite) the corrected file | |
| save(mydata, file="mydata.RData") | |
| ###### 2. EXCEL DATA ######## | |
| # You will need to review the data imported to make sure there are no inconsistencies. | |
| # Some errors can be fixed in the Excel file before importing. | |
| names(mydata) | |
| summary(mydata) | |
| View(mydata) | |
| fix(mydata) | |
| # To change var1 from numeric to factor, just type: | |
| mydata$var1 <- as.factor(mydata$var1) | |
| # To return to numeric, type: | |
| mydata$var1 <- as.numeric(mydata$var1) | |
| # In .XLS format (Excel 2003) | |
| # Option 1: use readxl (updated! this is my favourite option now) | |
| library("readxl") | |
| rutaxl <- "C:/Users/Me/My Documents/.../My data/somedata.xls" | |
| mydata <- read_excel(rutaxl, sheet = 1) | |
| # the second argument (aka "sheet = 1") imports the first sheet in the Excel file. | |
| # to import the second sheet use "sheet = 2" and so on | |
| # Option 2: use gdata (can give errors if Perl modules are missing) | |
| library(gdata) | |
| mydata <- "C:/Users/Me/My Documents/.../My data/somedata.xls" | |
| mydata <- read.xls(mydata, sheet='name of my sheet') | |
| names(mydata) | |
| summary(mydata) | |
| View(mydata) | |
| fix(mydata) | |
| # Save the corrected file | |
| save(mydata, file="mydata.RData") | |
| # Option 3: XLConnect (can give errors if Java modules are missing) | |
| library(XLConnect, pos=4) | |
| .Workbook <- loadWorkbook("C:/Users/Me/My Documents/.../My data/somedata.xls") | |
| mydata <- readWorksheet(.Workbook, "Sheet1") | |
| remove(.Workbook) | |
| names(mydata) | |
| summary(mydata) | |
| View(mydata) | |
| fix(mydata) | |
| # Save the corrected file | |
| save(mydata, file="mydata.RData") | |
| # Option 4: use R Commander, from the Menu>>Data>>Import Data | |
| # Other options available: http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/R-data.html | |
| # In .XLSX format (Excel 2007-2010) | |
| # Option 1: use readxl (updated! this is my favourite option now) | |
| library("readxl") | |
| rutaxl <- "C:/Users/Me/My Documents/.../My data/somedata.xlsx" | |
| mydata <- read_excel(rutaxl, sheet = 1) | |
| # the second argument (aka "sheet = 1") imports the first sheet in the Excel file. | |
| # to import the second sheet use "sheet = 2" and so on | |
| # Option 2: use gdata (can give errors if Perl modules are missing) | |
| library(gdata) | |
| mydata <- "C:/Users/Me/My Documents/.../My data/somedata.xlsx" | |
| mydata <- read.xls(mydata, sheet='name of my sheet') | |
| names(mydata) | |
| summary(mydata) | |
| View(mydata) | |
| fix(mydata) | |
| # Save the corrected file | |
| save(mydata, file="mydata.RData") | |
| # Option 3: XLConnect (can give errors if Java modules are missing) | |
| library(XLConnect, pos=4) | |
| .Workbook <- loadWorkbook("C:/Users/Me/My Documents/.../My data/somedata.xlsx") | |
| mydata <- readWorksheet(.Workbook, "Sheet1") | |
| remove(.Workbook) | |
| names(mydata) | |
| summary(mydata) | |
| View(mydata) | |
| fix(mydata) | |
| # Save the corrected file | |
| save(mydata, file="mydata.RData") | |
| # Other options available: http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/R-data.html |
Tales of R 